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17 [a]When the waters[b] beheld you, O God,
    when the waters beheld you, they writhed;
    the very depths trembled.
18 The clouds poured forth their water,
    the skies thundered,
    your arrows[c] flashed back and forth.
19 The crash of your thunder resounded in the heavens;
    your flashes of lightning lit up the world;
    the earth trembled and shook.[d]

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 77:17 The miracle of the crossing of the Red Sea is presented in a cosmic perspective, possibly to heighten the description of God’s majesty in bringing his people from slavery to freedom, which led to the Passover. For Christians, the culminating miracle was God’s deed in bringing Jesus from death to life after the crucifixion (see Mt 28:2; Eph 1:18-22), which led to the Christian Passover, Easter.
  2. Psalm 77:17 The waters are at the mercy of the Creator (see Pss 89:10; 93:3f; 104:7; 106:9; 114:3; Job 7:12; 38:10; Nah 1:4; Hab 3:10).
  3. Psalm 77:18 This verse is inspired by Hab 3:11. See also Pss 18:16; 68:9; 144:6. Arrows: i.e., lightning bolts.
  4. Psalm 77:19 This verse evokes the theophany at Sinai (see Ps 97:4; Ex 19:18).